Linux-Directory Layout


Directory
Description

The nameless base of the file system. All other directories, files, drives, and devices are attached to this root. Commonly (but incorrectly) referred to as the “slash” or “/” directory. The “/” is just a directory separator, not a directory itself.
/bin
Essential command binaries (programs) are stored here (bash, ls, mount, tar, etc.)
/boot
Static files of the boot loader.
/dev
Device files. In Linux, hardware devices are accessed just like other files, and they are kept under this directory.
/etc
Host-specific system configuration files.
/home
Location of users' personal home directories (e.g./home/dhanoop).
/lib
Essential shared libraries and kernel modules.
/proc
Process information pseudo-file system. An interface to kernel data structures.
/root
The root (super-user) home directory.
/sbin
Essential system binaries (fdisk, fsck, init, etc).
/tmp
Temporary files. All users have permission to place temporary files here.
/usr
The base directory for most shareable, read-only data (programs, libraries, documentation, and much more).
/usr/bin
Most user programs are kept here (cc, find, du, etc.).
/usr/include
Header files for compiling C programs.
/usr/lib
Libraries for most binary programs.
/usr/local
Locally” installed files. This directory only really matters in environments where files are stored on the network. Locally-installed files go in /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/lib, etc.). Also often used for software packages installed from source, or software not officially shipped with the distribution.
/usr/sbin
Non-vital system binaries (lpd, useradd, etc.)
/usr/share
Architecture-independent data (icons, backgrounds, documentation, terminfo, man pages, etc.).
/usr/src
Program source code. E.g. The Linux Kernel, source RPMs, etc.
/usr/X11R6
The X Window System.
/var
Variable data: mail and printer spools, log files, lock files, etc.

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